Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zeamabhethri wezithuthuthu zikagesi, kufaka phakathi amabhethri we-nickel-metal hydride, amabhethri e-lead-acid, amabhethri e-lithium, amabhethri we-graphene, namabhethri amnyama wegolide. Njengamanje, amabhethri e-lead-acid namabhethri e-lithium asetshenziswa kakhulu emakethe, kuyilapho amabhethri we-graphene kanye namabhethri omnyama amnyama yimikhiqizo yokuthuthuka kwebhethri okususelwa kubuchwepheshe bebhethri le-lead-acid.
Amabhethri empeleni anamathangi kaphethiloli weizithuthuthu zikagesi. Amabhethri amadala wezimoto kanye nezithuthuthu ezisetshenziselwa ukuhola amabhethri, kanye nesisindo esikhulu sebhethri kwaholela. Amabhethri we-nickel-metal hydrid athandwa isikhashana, futhi manje ubuchwepheshe bebhethri bungamabhethri e-lithium-ion, ahlinzeka ngobuningi bamandla aphezulu kanye nesikhathi esingcono sokushaja kakhulu kunangaphambili.
Kunesizathu sokuthi kungani i-lithium ithandwa - yinto yesithathu elula kunazo zonke ngemuva kwe-hydrogen ne-helium, futhi inenzuzo yokukhanya kwesisindo. Inikeza namandla amakhulu wamandla, ngakho-ke kwezimoto, kungahlangabezana ngokuphelele nezidingo. Kwezithuthuthu, isidingo sesisindo sibaluleke kakhulu kunezimoto. Izithuthuthu zanamuhla zishesha ukwedlula izimoto eziningi zemidlalo, ikakhulukazi ngoba zikhanya kakhulu. Uma zifaniswa namabhethri angezulu, ukusebenza kuzokwenziwa buthaka.
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule,Ibhethri le-Lithium-IonUbuchwepheshe buqhubekile ukuqhubekisela phambili phambili, okwenza izithuthuthu zikagesi kube inketho ebonakalayo enobubanzi obanele namandla okuhlinzeka ngemikhawulo ejabulisayo yokugibela, uma kuqhathaniswa nokulinganiselwa kwemvelo kwamabhethri we-Lithium-Ion.
Ngakho-ke, njengoba imakethe iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokushesha, okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bebhethri kuyadingeka uma izithuthuthu zikagesi zincintisane ngempela noma zidlula izithuthuthu ezinamandla kaphethiloli.
Kulesi sigaba, omunye wabatholile abathembisa kakhulu e-lithium-ion emakethe asakhiwa:amabhethri wombuso oqinile. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa i-liquid Electrolytes, amabhethri e-solid-state asebenzisa izinto eziqinile ezenziwa ama-ion afana nama-ceramics noma ama-polymers. Amabhethri e-Solid-State anezinzuzo ezinkulu eziningana:
* Ubuningi Bamandla Ephakeme:Inzuzo enkulu yamabhethri e-solid-state ubukhulu bawo amandla awo, nama-electrolyte aqinile okwenza ukuthi kube nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa i-lithium metal anode ephezulu.
* Ukushaja okusheshayo:Ama-electroly ama-electroly anezinto eziphakeme ze-lithium-ion, ezivumela ukushaja ngokushesha.
* Ukuphepha okuphezulu:Ayikho i-electrolyte ewuketshezi esho ukuthi abukho ubungozi bomlilo ngenxa yokuvuza noma ukugcwala ngokweqile.
* Impilo ende:Ama-electroly ama-electroly asebenza kancane nge-electrodes, edlulisa impilo yenkonzo.
Naphezu kwezinzuzo eziningi zamabhethri e-SOLICAL-State, izindleko zabo eziphakeme kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza eyinkimbinkimbi sebephenduke izinselelo ezimbili ezinkulu zokukhiqizwa kwabantu abaningi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bombuso oqinile busenendlela ende yokuya kubuchwepheshe bebhethri lamanje, kanye nenkinga ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphindisela kabusha. Ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kabusha kwamabhethri we-lead-acid usuvele uvuthiwe, kepha ubuchwepheshe obungavuselela amabhethri e-lithium-ion awathandwa, okubuye kube yinkinga ebhekene namabhethri e-solid-State. Izibikezeli eziningi zibonisa ukuthi amabhethri e-solid-State azobonakala ezimotweni ekuqaleni kuka-2025.
Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe besikhashana buvele emakethe -amabhethri e-semi-solid-state. Izakhiwo zalo ziphakathi kwe-All-Solid and All-ketshezi, ngokuphepha okuphezulu, ukuphepha kwamandla aphezulu, impilo ebanzi, ububanzi bokushisa, ukumelana okuphezulu, nezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu kunamabhethri e-solid-State. Kungasizakala ngenqubo yamanje ye-lithium yebhethri ukufeza ukukhiqizwa kwesisindo okulula nezindleko eziphansi. Cishe ama-20% kuphela ezinqubo ahlukile, ngakho-ke ngokwemigomo yokusebenza kwezomnotho kanye nesivinini sezezimboni, njengamanje ibhethri elihlukile elihlukile ngaphambi kwamabhethri e-solid-state aqhekeka nge-technical bottleneck.
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Isikhathi sePosi: Aug-10-2024
