Baytariyada aashitada ah & baytariyada lithium
1. Bey'eynada sunta rasaasta
1.1 Waa maxay baytariyada hogaanka?
● Batteriga aashitada ah ee horseedku waa batteriga wax lagu kaydiyo oo elektaroonigga ah oo aan inta badan laga sameeyohoggamidiyouxeex, oo electrolyte waaXalka acid ee sulfuric acid.
● Korantada taranka ee unugyada unug-unug-unug-asiid-anica acid waa2.0V, kuwaas oo loo qaybin karo 1.5V oo lagu soo oogi karo 2.4V.
● Codsiyada,6 hal unugBaytariyada aashitada ee hogaaminta ayaa badanaa lagu xiraa taxanaha si loo sameeyo magac12Vbatteriga aashitada ah.
1.2 Qaab dhismeedka batteriga aashitada
● Dheecaanka xaalada ee baytariyada-aashitada ee hogaaminta, qaybta ugu weyn ee electrode togan ayaa ah dioxide dioxide, iyo qulqulka hadda ee korantada saxda ah ee elektrode-ka saxda ah, iyo qaybta ugu weyn ee electrode-ka xun ee electrode waa hogaamiyaha.
● Xaalada ka mid ah xaalada batariyada sunta rasaasta, qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee elektrodes togan iyo kuwa xun ayaa rasaasta sugaya, iyo qulqulka hadda ka soo baxa korantada togan ee korantada.
●Baytariyada garaafyada: Cudurka waxyaabaha lagu daro ee garaafka garaafyadawaxaa lagu daraa qalabka wanaagsan ee korantada iyo kuwa xunxun,Qalabka elektaroonigga ah ee garaafyadawaxaa lagu daraa electrode togan, iyoNaqeeyaha Shaqeeyaha Sharaftawaxaa lagu daraa lakabyada falgalka.
1.3 Waa maxay macluumaadka ku saabsan shahaadada matalaya?
●6-Dzf-20:6 macnaheedu waa inay jiraan6 GIDS, Grid kasta wuxuu leeyahay koronto2V, korantada ku xiran taxanaha taxanaha waa 12v, 20-ka macnaheedu waa batteriga wuxuu leeyahay awood ah20.
● D (Koror), z (awood-caawisa), f (val-palve-pace-pace-pate-patter).
●DZM:D (Korac), gaari-z (gaari-lagu caawiyay), m (batariga aan dayactirka lahayn).
●EVF:EV (Gawaarida batari), f (valley-part-pate-pate-patterivant-ka-bilaash ah).
1.4 Farqiga u dhexeeya Valve ayaa la xakameeyay oo xirmay
●Qalabka loo yaqaan 'Valve-Bilaashka':Looma baahna in lagu daro biyo ama aashito dayactir, baytarigu laftiisu waa qaab dhismeed xiran,Ma jiro daadasho aashito ah ama ceeryaamo acid, oo leh hal jid oo nabadgelyo ahvalve daad, markii gaas gudaha uu ka baxo qiimo gaar ah, tuubada wasakhda ah ayaa si otomaatig ah u furaysaa gaaska
●Batariga aashitaynta ee dayactirka leh ee dayactirka leh:batteriga oo dhami waasi buuxda u lifaaqan (Fanjaanka Dib-u-eega ee Batterka ayaa lagu wareejiyaa gudaha qolofka shaabadaysan), sidaa darteed batariga dayactirka-dayactirka ma leh "gaas waxyeello leh" buuxdhaaf
2. Lithium
2.1 Waa maxay baytariyada lithium?
● Baytariyada lithium waa nooc batari ah oo adeegsataBirta Lithium or lithium alloyAgabyada korantada / kuwa xun ee tacsiyeedka ah oo adeegsanaya xalka aan abbada lahayn ee aan abbada lahayn. (Cusbada lithiums iyo solvents dabiiciga ah)
2.2 Noocyada Battariga Lithium
●Baytariyada lithium waxaa loo kala qaybin karaa laba qaybood: Batariyada bitrium-ka lithium iyo baytariyada ion. Baytariyada ION ee Lithium waa ka sareeya baytariyada birta ee lithium-ka marka loo eego amniga, awooda gaarka ah, heerka is-kordhinta iyo saamiga qiimaha waxqabadka.
Shuruudaha tikniyoolajiyadda ee u gaarka ah, kaliya shirkadaha ka mid ah dalal dhowr ah ayaa soo saaraya noocan batteriga birta lithium.
2.3 Lithium ion batteriga ion
| Qalabka korka ah ee korantada | Vale Vitage | Cufnaanta tamarta | Socdaalka | Qiime | Ilaalinta | Waqtiyada baaskiilka | Heerkulka qalliinka caadiga ah |
| Lithium Chitt oxide (LCHO) | 3.7V | Heer dhexe ah | Hooseeya | Sare ah | Hooseeya | ≥500 300-500 | Lithium Thing Timosfooras: -20 ℃ ~ 65 ℃ Lifaaq lithium: -20 ℃ ~ 45 ℃Baytariyada 'litheium lithium' waa kuwa wax ku ool ah oo ka badan fosfoonka lithium birta ee heerkulka hooseeya, laakiin ma aha sidii u adkaysata heerkulka sareeya sida fosfooraska birta. Si kastaba ha noqotee, tani waxay kuxirantahay xaaladaha gaarka ah ee warshad kasta oo batteriga ah. |
| Lithium mangese oxide (LMO) | 3.6v | Hooseeya | Heer dhexe ah | Hooseeya | Heer dhexe ah | ≥500 800-1000 | |
| Lithium nickel oxide (lno) | 3.6v | Sare ah | Hooseeya | Sare ah | Hooseeya | Xog la'aan | |
| Lithium Thing Phosphate (LFP) | 3.2v | Heer dhexe ah | Sare ah | Hooseeya | Sare ah | 1200-1500 | |
| Nickel Cobalt Aluminium (NCA) | 3.6v | Sare ah | Heer dhexe ah | Heer dhexe ah | Hooseeya | ≥500 800-1200 | |
| Nickel cobatt manganese (ncm) | 3.6v | Sare ah | Sare ah | Heer dhexe ah | Hooseeya | ≥1000 800-1200 |
●Qalabka korantada ee xun:Graphite inta badan la isticmaalo. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, lithium birta, lithium alloy, silicon-kaarboon electrode ashyaa'da korantada, iwm. Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa elektaroonigga ah
● Isbarbardhiga, iftiinka birta ee lithium birta waa sheyga korantada ee ugu waxtarka badan ee saxda ah.
2.4 Lithium-ion batteriga
Batteriga lithium-ion
Batteriga brizatic li-ion
Badhanka lithoum ion batteriga
Batteriga loo yaqaan 'lithium-off-ion'
Batteriga jilicsan
● Qaababka caadiga ah ee loo isticmaalo baytariyada gawaarida korantada:Cylindrical iyo Xirmooyin-jilicsan
● Batteriga lithium lithium:
Faa'iidooyinka: Tiknolojiyadda qaan-gaarka ah, qiimaha jaban, hal tamar yar oo yar, fududahay in la xakameeyo, kululaynta kuleylka wanaagsan
Faa'iido darrooyinka:tiro badan oo xirmooyin batari ah, culeys culus, cufnaanta tamarta yar ee yar
● Batroolka jilicsan ee lithium:
Faa'iidooyinka: Qaabka wax soosaarka sare, khafiifka ah, ka fudud, cufnaanta tamarta sare, kala duwanaansho badan marka la sameeyo baakad batari
Faa'iido darrooyinka:Waxqabadka guud ee saboolka ah ee baakadaha batariga (joogteynta), ee aan u adkaysan karin heerkul sare, ma fududa in lagu habeeyo, qiimaha sare
● Qaabka noocee ah ayaa ugufiican baytariyada lithium? Xaqiiqdii, majirto jawaab buuxda, badanaa waxay kuxirantahay baahida
● Haddii aad rabto qiimo jaban iyo wax qabad guud oo wanaagsan: batariga linddrical lithium> batariga jilicsan ee lithium
● Haddii aad rabto cabir yar, iftiin, cufnaan tamar sare ah: batari jilicsan oo ah batariga lithium> batariga lithindrical lithium
2.5 qaab dhismeedka batteriga lithium
● 18650: 18mm waxay muujineysaa dhexroorka bataradu, 65mm waxay muujineysaa dhererka batteriga, 0 waxay muujineysaa qaab cylindrical, iyo sidaas
● Xisaabinta 12v20h lithium batteriga: ka soo qaad in korantada loo yaqaan '150 batari 'ay tahay 3.7V (4.2V marka si buuxda loo soo dalaco) iyo awooda (2)
● In la helo 12V, waxaad u baahan tahay 3 18650 baytari (12 / 3.7≈3)
● In la helo 20AH, 20/2 = 10, waxaad u baahan tahay 10 koox oo batari, mid walbana 3 12V.
● 3 Taxanaha taxanaha ah waa 12V, 10 isbarbar dhig waa 20-eeg, taasi waa, 12V20ah (wadarta 30 18650 unug ayaa loo baahan yahay)
● Markaad bixiso, qulqulka hadda jira ee elektrode electrode to ele totiode
● Markaad ku dallacdo, qulqulka hadda jira ee elektrode togan ee electrode-ka xun
3. Isbarbardhig ka dhex dhaca batariga lithium, batteriga u asiid iyo batteriga garaafka
| Is barbar dhigidda | Batariga lithium | Batteriga aashitada | Batteriga garaafka |
| Qiime | Sare ah | Hooseeya | Heer dhexe ah |
| Sababta Amniga | Hooseeya | Sare ah | Wax yar |
| Mugga iyo culeyska | Cabir yar, miisaan fudud | Cabbir weyn iyo culeys culus | Mugga weyn, oo ka culus batteriga aashitada |
| Nolosha batteriga | Sare ah | Caadi ah | Ka sarreeya batteriga aashitada, ka hooseeya batteriga lithium |
| Nolosha | 4 sano (Ternary Lithium: 800-1200 jeer Lithium Thing Phosphate: 1200-1500 jeer) | 3 sano (3-500 jeer) | 3 sano (> 500 jeer) |
| Itarashada | Dabacsan oo fudud in la qaado | Lama soo oogi karo | Lama soo oogi karo |
| Dib u hagaajinta | Aan la hagaajin karin | Dib loo dawayn karo | Dib loo dawayn karo |
● Majirto jawaab celin buuxda oo batteriga u fiican gawaarida korantada. Waxay badanaa kuxirantahay baahida loo qabo batariyada.
● Marka laga hadlayo nolosha batteriga iyo nolosha: batariga lithium> garaafyada> aashitada horseed.
● Marka laga hadlayo qiimaha qiimaha iyo nabdoonaanta: aashitada horseed> garaaf> batteriga lithium.
● Marka laga hadlayo korantada: batteriga lithium> asiidh sunta = garaafyada.
4. Shahaadooyinka laxiriira batteriga
● Batteriga u hogaansanaanta: Haddii batteriga aashitada ah uu dhaafo gariirka, farqiga cadaadiska, iyo 55 ° C heerkulka, waa laga dhaafi karaa gaadiid xamuul caadi ah. Hadeysan dhaafin seddexda imtixaan, waxaa loo kala saaraa inuu yahay qeybta qatarta halista ah ee 8 (walxaha wasakhaysan)
Shahaadooyinka guud ee guud waxaa ka mid ah:
●Shahaadada u ah gaadiidka aaminka ah ee alaabada kiimikada ah(Gaadiidka hawada / badda);
●MSD(Xaashida xogta amniga sheyga);
● Batteriga lithium: loo kala saaray sidii fasal 9 ah oo dhoofinta alaabada khatarta ah
Shahaadooyinka guud ee caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah: Baytariyada lithium-ka badanaaba UNN38.3, UN3480, UN3481 iyo UN3481 iyo UN3171, Shuruudaha Xirmooyinka Halista ah, xaaladaha gaadiidka xamuulka xamuulka
●UN38.3Warbixinta kormeerka amniga
●UN3480Xirmooyinka batteriga-ion
●UN3481Batroolka Lithium-ion ee lagu rakibay qalab ama batteriyaha elektiroonigga ah iyo qalabka si isku mid ah loo xirxiro (isla alaabada khatarta ah)
●UN3171Gaadhiga kufsiga batari ama qalabka ku shaqeeya batariga (batteriga lagu meeleeyay gaariga, oo la mid ah alaabada khatarta ah)
5. Arimaha batteriga
● Batlagadaha sunta rasaasta ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa waqti dheer, xiriirada birta ee ka dhex jira batteriga ayaa u nugul burburka, oo keenaya wareegyo gaagaaban iyo isu-dhafan oo isbadal ah. Baytariyada lithium-ka ayaa ka sarreeya nolosha adeegga, iyo asaaska batteriga waa gabowga iyo daadashada, oo si fudud u sababi kara wareegyada wareega iyo heerkulka sare.
Baytariyada aashitada ah
Batariga lithium
● Wax ka badalid aan la fasaxin: Isticmaalayaasha wax ka beddel ah ku-wareejinta batteriga iyadoon oggolaansho lahayn, kaas oo saameeya waxqabadka amniga ee wareegga korantada ee gaariga. Wax ka beddelka aan habooneyn ayaa sababa wareejinta gaariga in lagu wareejiyo, culeys xad dhaaf ah, la kululeeyo, iyo gaagaaban.
Baytariyada aashitada ah
Batariga lithium
● guuldaradii. Haddii xamuulka uu ku hago gaariga muddo dheer oo ruxasho, way fududahay in loo keeno dawada iyo iska caabinta xargaha xarkaha si loo dabaco, taas oo si sahlan u horseedi karta xad-dhaafka batteriga. Qaadashada xamuulka qaldan waxay sidoo kale sababi kartaa xad-dhaaf.
Shicklesyada korantada ayaa loo soo gaadhsiiyaa qorraxda. Xilliga xagaaga, heerkulka ayaa sarreeya mana ku haboona in la dhigto baaskiilka korantada ee ka baxsan qorraxda. Heerkulka gudaha baytariga dhexdiisa wuu sii kordhayaa. Haddii aad ku dallacdo batteriga isla markaaba ka dib markaad guriga ka baxdo ka baxso shaqada, heerkulka gudaha batteriga ayaa sii kordhaya. Markay gaareyso heerkulka xasaasiga ah, way fududahay in si iskeed ah u shidmo.
Mooda mootooyinka korantada ayaa si fudud lagu qurxiyaa biyaha inta lagu jiro roobka culus. Baytariyada lithium lama isticmaali karo ka dib markii lagu qooyay biyo. Gawaarida korantada aashitada ee hogaaminta waxay u baahan yihiin in lagu hagaajiyo dukaan dayactir ah ka dib markii lagu qooyay biyo.
6. Dayactirka maalinlaha ah iyo isticmaalka baytariyada iyo kuwa kale
● Ka fogow xad-dhaafka iyo ka-bixista batteriga
Bixinta:Guud ahaan, dalladaha lagu dallaco waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu dallaco Shiinaha. Markii si buuxda loo eedeeyo, korantada si toos ah ayaa loo kala goyn doonaa. Markaad ku dallacdo xarkaha, awoodda ayaa si otomaatig ah looga goyn doonaa markii si buuxda loo eedeeyo. Ka sokow xargaha caadiga ah ee aan lahayn howlo koronto oo buuxda, markii si buuxda loo soo oogo, waxay sii wadi doonaan inay ku dallacaan wax yar oo hadda ah, kuwaas oo nolosha saameyn ku yeelan doona;
Dheeraad ka badan:Waxaa guud ahaan lagula talinayaa in lagu dallaco batteriga markii ay jirto koronto 20% ah. Ku soo-qaadista awoodda hoose muddo dheer waxay u horseedi doontaa batteriga inuu noqdo mid ka hooseeya koronto, waana laga yaabaa in lagu soo oogo. Waxay u baahan tahay in mar labaad la dhaqaajiyo, waana laga yaali karaa in la dhaqaajiyo.
● Ka fogow inaad ku isticmaasho xaaladaha heerkulka sare iyo kan hoose.Heerkul sare ayaa sii kordhaya falcelinta kiimikaad oo ay abuurto kuleyl badan. Markuu kuleylku gaaro qiimo aad u muhiim ah, waxay u horseedi doontaa in batarigu gubto oo qarxiyo.
● Ka fogow inaad ku dallacdo deg deg ah, kaas oo sababi doona isbeddelo ku dhaca qaab dhismeedka gudaha iyo xasillooni darro. Isla mar ahaantaana, baytarigu way kululaan doonaan oo saameyn doontaa nolosha batteriga. Marka loo eego astaamaha baytariyada lithium-ka ee kaladuwan, oo loogu talagalay 20A Lithause patter-ka oxide, iyadoo la adeegsanayo xayndaab 5a ah oo la mid ah xaaladaha isticmaalka 5A waxay yareyn doontaa wareegga qiyaastii 100 jeer.
●Haddii gaariga korontada la isticmaalo waqti dheer, isku day inaad ku dallacdo hal mar usbuucii ama mid kasta 15 maalmood. Batteriga aashitariga laftiisa ayaa cuni doona qiyaastii 0.5% awoodiisa maalin kasta. Waxay si dhakhso leh u cuni doontaa marka lagu rakibo gaari cusub.
Baytariyada lithium ayaa sidoo kale cuni doona awoodda. Haddii batteriga aan lagu soo oogin muddo dheer, waxay ku jiri doontaa xaalad lumis koranta ah iyo batteriga laga yaabo inay noqon karaan wax aan macquul ahayn.
Batari cusub oo aan ka soo bixin baahi loo baahan yahay in la dallaco mar ka badan100 maalmood.
●Haddii batteriga loo isticmaalo muddo dheerWaqti oo leh hufnaan hooseeya, batteriga macdanta ah waxaa lagu dari karaa elektrolyte ama biyo ay xirfadlayaal ah la sii wado in lagu sii wado muddo, laakiin xaaladaha caadiga ah, waxaa lagula talinayaa in si toos ah loogu beddelo batteriga cusub. Battariga lithium wuxuu leeyahay hufnaan yar oo lama hagaajin karo. Waxaa lagu talinayaa in si toos ah loogu beddelo batteriga cusub.
●Dhibaatada ku-daadka ah: Xadhkaha waa inuu adeegsadaa moodal u dhigma. 60V ma eedayn karo baytariyada 48V, 60V house-acid wax lacag ah kama qaadi karaan 60v lithium, iyoChampider Chargers-ka iyo Chathoum Pratgers-ka looma isticmaali karo is-dhexgalka.
Haddii waqtiga lagu dallaco uu ka dheer yahay sidii caadiga ahayd, waxaa lagu talinayaa inaad ka saarto fiilada lagu dallaco oo joojiso bixinta. U fiirso haddii batterigu uu cilladaysan yahay ama waxyeelleeyo.
●Nolosha batteriga = kolkiiba × batteriga batari × pressure ÷ Awoodda gawaarida Caanahaan kuma haboona dhammaan moodooyinka, gaar ahaan moodallada mode-ka korantada. Isku darka xogta isticmaalka isticmaalka badan ee dadka isticmaala dumarka, habka ayaa ah sida soo socota:
48V lithium batteriga, 1a = 2.5km, batariga 60v lithium, 1km, batariga, 72v lithium, acid-ka-acid, ayaa ah 10% batteriga lithium.
48V batterigu wuxuu maamuli karaa 2.5 kiiloomitir halkii ampere (48v20a 20 × 2.5 = 50 kiiloomitir)
Battery 60V waxay socon kartaa 3 kiiloomitir halkii ampere (60v20a 20 × 3 = 60 kiiloomitir)
72V batarigu wuxuu socon karaa 3.5 kiiloomitir halkii ampere (72v20a 20 × 3.5 = 70 kiiloomitir)
●Awoodda baytariga / a of the ee xamuulka ah waxay la mid tahay waqtiga lagu soo dallacayo, waqtiga dallacaadda = awoowe batteriga / Charger nambar, tusaale ahaan 20A / 4a = 5 saacadood, sababtuna waxay yareyn doontaa sida 50 saacadood ah ama 6-7 saacadood (caymis)
