Bateri-aside ya acide & bateri ya lithium
1. Bateri-acide-aside
1.1 Bateri-ibere acide irihe?
Bateri-bacide-acide ni bateri yububiko electrodes zikozwe ahaninikuyoboranaoxide, kandi electrolyte nindeIgisubizo cya Sulfuric.
Voltage yizina rya bateri imwe-selile isteri2.0V, zishobora gusezererwa kuri 1.5V kandi nshinge 2.4v.
● Mu bikorwa,6 AkagariBatteri-acide akunze guhuzwa murukurikirane kugirango ikore izina12Vbateri-ya acide.
1.2 Imiterere ya Batid-aside
● Muburyo bwo gusohora bariyeri-acide, igice kinini cya electrode nziza ni ukuyobora dioxyde de electrode nziza, kandi ibigize ibyingenzi bya electrode mbi ni isabukuru.
● Muri bateri-ya acide ya acide, ibice byingenzi bya electrode nziza kandi mbi ni ukuyobora sulfate, hamwe nubumbuka bwa electrode nziza kuri electrode mbi.
●Bateri nziza: Abakunzi ba Graypetiwongewe kubikoresho byiza nibibi bya electrode,GAPHPHENIFITE IBIKORWA BYA ELECTRRODEwongewe kuri electrode nziza, kandiGrophene Ibicebyongewe kubice bitwara.
1.3 Amakuru yerekeye icyemezo agereranya iki?
●6-DZF-20:6 bivuze ko hari6 gride, buri gride ifite voltage ya2V, kandi voltage ihujwe murukurikirane ni 12v, na 20 bivuze ko bateri ifite ubushobozi bwa20ah.
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●Dzm:D (amashanyarazi), z (imodoka-ifashafashishwa), m (bateri ifunze-kubuntu).
●EVF:EV (imodoka ya batiri), f (valve-bateri yubusa-kubuntu).
1.4 Itandukaniro riri hagati ya valve igenzurwa kandi ifunze
●Valve-yagenzuwe kubungabunga-kubuntu:Nta mpamvu yo kongeramo amazi cyangwa aside yo kubungabunga, bateri ubwayo ni imiterere ifunze,Nta aside ya aside cyangwa igihu cya acide, hamwe n'umutekano umweumunaniro, mugihe gaze yimbere irenze agaciro runaka, valve ya eleaus ihita ifungura kugirango inanire gaze
●Bateri nziza yo kubungabunga-acide:bateri yose nigufunga byuzuye (Imyitwarire ya bateri ya bateri ikwirakwizwa imbere ya shell ifunze), bityo bateri yubusa-kubuntu nta "gaze yangiza" yuzuye
2. Bateri ya Lithium
2.1 bateri ya lithium niyihe?
Bateri lithium ni ubwoko bwa bateri ikoreshalithium or lithiumNka shusho nziza / mbi za electrode kandi ikoresha ibisubizo bidafite electrolyte. (Umunyu wa lithium hamwe na kama)
2.2 Ibirimi bya Lithium
●Batteri ya Lithium irashobora kugabanywa hafi mu byiciro bibiri: lithium schat bateri na lithium bateri. Battimaget batteri zihuza ziruta batteri icyuma cya lithium ukurikije umutekano, ubushobozi bwihariye, kwikuramo igipimo nigipimo cyimikorere.
● Bitewe n'ibisabwa mu ikoranabuhanga buharanira mu ikoranabuhanga, gusa ibigo mu bihugu bike bitanga ubu bwoko bwa bateri y'icyuma.
2.3 lithium ion bateri
| Ibikoresho byiza bya electrode | Nominal Voltage | Ingufu | Ubuzima | Igiciro | Umutekano | Amashanyarazi | Ubushyuhe busanzwe |
| Lithium coballat oxide (lco) | 3.7v | Giciriritse | Hasi | Hejuru | Hasi | ≥500 300-500 | Lithium Crowhate: -20 ℃ ~ 65 ℃ Indimi ya Ternary: -20 ℃ ~ 45 ℃Bateri ya ternary lithium ikora neza kuruta fosicfate ya lithium ku bushyuhe buke, ariko ntabwo irwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nka lithium fosphate. Ariko, ibi biterwa nikintu cyihariye cya buri ruganda rwa batiri. |
| Litiyum Manganese Oxide (LMO) | 3.6v | Hasi | Giciriritse | Hasi | Giciriritse | ≥500 800-1000 | |
| Lithium nikel oxide (lno) | 3.6v | Hejuru | Hasi | Hejuru | Hasi | Nta makuru | |
| Lithium crosphate (lfp) | 3.2V | Giciriritse | Hejuru | Hasi | Hejuru | 1200-1500 | |
| Nikel cobalt aluminium (NCA) | 3.6v | Hejuru | Giciriritse | Giciriritse | Hasi | ≥500 800-1200 | |
| Nickel Coballat Manganese (NCM) | 3.6v | Hejuru | Hejuru | Giciriritse | Hasi | ≥1000 800-1200 |
●Ibikoresho bibi bya electrode:Igishushanyo gikoreshwa ahanini. Byongeye kandi, Lithium Metal, Liticon-CARBON-CARBON IBIKORWA BYIZA, OXIDE IBIKORWA BYIZA, HANC. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa kuri electrode mbi
● Mugereranije, Lithium Frosphate nigikoresho cyiza-cyiza cya electrode.
2.4 Imiterere ya Lithium-ion ishushanya
Sidindrical Litium-ion bateri
Bateri ya prismatic li-ion
Buto lithium ontteri
Bateri idasanzwe ya lithium-ion
Bateri yoroshye
Imiterere isanzwe ikoreshwa kuri bateri yimodoka:silindrical noroshye-paki
● Bateri ya Litirirical Cydium:
● Ibyiza: Ikoranabuhanga rikuze, igiciro gito, imbaraga nto, byoroshye kugenzura, gutandukana kw'ubushyuhe
● Ibibi:umubare munini wamapaki ya bateri, ugereranije uburemere buremereye, buke cyane
● Bateri yoroshye-pack lithim:
● Ibyiza: Uburyo bwo gukora, bworoshye, bworoshye, bworoshye, ingufu nyinshi, itandukaniro ryinshi mugihe rigizwe na bateri
● Ibibi:Imikorere mibi muri rusange yipaki (guhuzagurika), ntabwo irwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ntabwo byoroshye kubisanzwe, igiciro kinini
● Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza kuri bateri ya lithium? Mubyukuri, nta gisubizo cyuzuye, ahanini biterwa nibisabwa
● Niba ushaka ikiguzi gito kandi imikorere myiza muri rusange: bateri ya silindrike> bateri yoroshye-pack lithim
● Niba ushaka ubunini buke, urumuri, ingufu nyinshi zingufu: bateri yoroshye-paki ya bateri> bateri ya silindrical
2.5 Imiterere ya Bateri ya Lithium
● 18650: 18Mmm yerekana diameter ya bateri, 65mm yerekana uburebure bwa bateri, 0 yerekana imiterere ya silindrike, nibindi
Kubara Bateri ya 12v20AH20AH: Dufate ko voltage y'izina rya bateri ya 18650 ari 3.7v (4.2V iyo zishyuwe neza) kandi ubushobozi ari 2000h (2Hah)
● Kubona 12v, ukeneye bateri 3 18650 (12/ 3.7≈3)
● Kubona 20h, 20/2 = 10, ukeneye amatsinda 10 ya bateri, buri kimwe gifite 3 12V.
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● Mugihe usohora, ubungubu kuva kuri electrode mbi kuri electrode nziza
● Mugihe ushinja, ubungubu kuva kuri electrode nziza kuri electrode mbi
3. Kugereranya hagati ya bateri ya lithium, bateri-ya aside-acide na bateri ya graphene
| Kugereranya | Lithium | Bateri-bastide | Bateri ya GrayPhene |
| Igiciro | Hejuru | Hasi | Giciriritse |
| Ikintu cyumutekano | Hasi | Hejuru | Ugereranije hejuru |
| Ingano n'uburemere | Ingano nto, uburemere bworoshye | Ingano nini nuburemere buremereye | Ingano nini, iremereye kuruta bateri-aside icide |
| Ubuzima bwa Bateri | Hejuru | Bisanzwe | Hejuru kuruta bateri-acide, munsi ya bateri ya lithium |
| Ubuzima | Imyaka 4 (ternary lithium: inshuro 800-1200 Lithium Iron fosithate: inshuro 1200-1500 | Imyaka 3 (inshuro 3-500) | Imyaka 3 (> inshuro 500) |
| Imiterere | Byoroshye kandi byoroshye gutwara | Ntishobora kwishyurwa | Ntishobora kwishyurwa |
| Gusana | Kutasana | Gusana | Gusana |
● Nta gisubizo cyuzuye kuri bateri nziza kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Biterwa ahanini nibisabwa batteri.
● Mu bijyanye n'ubuzima bwa bateri n'ubuzima: Bateri ya Lithium> Grayphene> Acide yo kuyobora.
● Ukurikije igiciro n'umutekano: kuyobora acide> grayphene> bateri ya lisheri.
● Ukurikije imiterere: bateri ya lithium> acide acide = graphene.
4. Ibyemezo bijyanye na bateri
Batteri-ya aside-acide: Niba bateri-ya acide ikwiranye n'inyeganyeza, itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko, na 55 ° c ibizamini by'ubushyuhe, birashobora gusonerwa ubwikorezi busanzwe bwo gutwara imizigo. Niba bidarenze ibizamini bitatu, bishyirwa mubikorwa nkibicuruzwa biteje akaga icyiciro cya 8 (ibintu byangiza)
Impamyabumenyi Rusanzwe zirimo:
●Icyemezo cyo gutwara neza ibicuruzwa byimiti(Ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere);
●Msds(Urupapuro rwumutekano wibikoresho);
● Bateri ya Lithium: Yashyizwe mu ishuri 9 Ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze
Impamyabumenyi Rusanzwe zirimo: Batteri zisanzwe zisanzwe Un38.3, UN3480, UN3481 na UN3171, Ibicuruzwa biteye ubwoba Raporo isuzuma
●Un38.3Raporo y'Ubugenzuzi bwo kugenzura umutekano
●Un3480lithium-ion bateri
●Un3481Bateri-ion ion yashyizwe mubikoresho cyangwa bateri ya elegitoroniki nibikoresho bipakiye hamwe (ibibuga byibicuruzwa bimwe biteye akaga)
●UN3171Ibinyabiziga Byakozwe na Bateri cyangwa Ibikoresho Byakoreshwaga na Bateri (bateri yashyizwe mumodoka, ibibuga byibicuruzwa bimwe biteye akaga)
5. Ibibazo bya bateri
Bateri-bat-aside-acide ikoreshwa igihe kirekire, kandi ibyuma byicyuma imbere ya bateri bikunda gusenyuka, bigatera imirongo migufi kandi byoroshye gutwikwa. Batteri yimisozi iri hejuru yubuzima bwa serivisi, kandi bateri yibanze irashaje kandi irasenyuka, ishobora gutera imirongo ngufi nubushyuhe bwinshi.
Bateri-acide
Lithium
Guhinduka bitabifitiye uburenganzira: Abakoresha bahindura imirongo ya bateri batabiherewe uburenganzira, bugira ingaruka kumikorere yumutekano wumuhanda wamashanyarazi. Guhindura bidakwiye bitera umuzunguruko wimodoka kugirango uremererwe, kurenza urugero, gushyuha, n'umuzunguruko.
Bateri-acide
Lithium
Kunanirwa kwamagana. Niba igare risigaye mu modoka igihe kirekire kandi kinyeganyega, biroroshye gutera ubushobozi n'abagogosha muri charger kugira ngo birekure, bishobora kuganisha ku kurenga ba bateri. Gufata amakemu bitari byo birashobora no gutera kurenga.
Amagare y'amashanyarazi agaragariza izuba. Mu ci, ubushyuhe buri hejuru kandi ntabwo bukwiye guhagarika amagare y'amashanyarazi hanze y'izuba. Ubushyuhe imbere muri bateri bizakomeza kuzamuka. Niba wishyuye bateri ako kanya nyuma yo kuva murugo kuva kukazi, ubushyuhe imbere muri bateri buzakomeza kuzamuka. Iyo bigeze ku bushyuhe bukomeye, biroroshye kwihitiramo gutwika.
Amapikipiki amashanyarazi yuzuye mumazi mugihe cyimvura nyinshi. Batteri ya lithium ntishobora gukoreshwa nyuma yo gutsimbarara mumazi. Acide Acide Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bigomba gusanwa mu iduka ryo gusana nyuma yo gutsimbarara mumazi.
6. Kubungabunga buri munsi no gukoresha bateri nabandi
● Irinde kwishyurwa no kurangiza bateri
Kurengana:Mubisanzwe, kwishyuza ibirundo bikoreshwa mu kwishyuza mubushinwa. Iyo byishyuwe byuzuye, amashanyarazi azahita areka. Mugihe ushumbaga hamwe na charger, imbaraga zizahita zihagarikwa mugihe ushinjwa. Usibye amashanyarazi asanzwe adashinzwe ibikorwa byuzuye, iyo azakomeza kwishyuza byuzuye, bizagira ingaruka kuri gato, bizagira ingaruka ku buzima igihe kirekire;
Kurenza hejuru:Mubisanzwe birasabwa kwishyuza bateri mugihe hasigaye ububasha 20%. Kwishyuza hamwe nububasha buke igihe kirekire bizatera bateri ya voltage, kandi ntishobora kwishyurwa. Igomba kongera gukora, kandi ntishobora gukora.
● Irinde kuyikoresha mubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi buke.Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buzakomeza imiti yimyitwarire kandi itanga ubushyuhe bwinshi. Iyo ubushyuhe bugera ku gaciro kanini, bizatuma bateri yaka no guturika.
● Irinde kwishyuza byihuse, zizahindura impinduka mumiterere yimbere hamwe nihungabana. Muri icyo gihe, bateri izashyushya kandi igira ingaruka kubuzima bwa bateri. Dukurikije ibiranga bateri zitandukanye, kuri bateri ya 20a lithide marteri ya 20a, ukoresheje charger ya 5a hamwe na 4a charger, ukoresheje 5a charger izagabanya umuzingo inshuro 100.
●Niba ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bidakoreshwa igihe kirekire, gerageza kwishyuza rimwe mu cyumweru cyangwa buriwese Iminsi 15. Batiri-bastide yo kuyobora izarya hafi 0.5% yimbaraga zayo buri munsi. Bizatwara vuba mugihe washyizwe ku modoka nshya.
Batteri yimisozi nayo izarya imbaraga. Niba bateri itaregwa igihe kirekire, bizaba muburyo bwo gutakaza imbaraga kandi bateri irashobora kudakoreshwa.
Bateri nshya itarangiriyeho igomba kwishyurwa rimwe kurenzaIminsi 100.
●Niba bateri yakoreshejwe igihe kirekireIgihe kandi gifite imikorere mike, bateri-ya acide-aside irashobora kongerwaho na electrolyte cyangwa amazi nabanyamwuga kugirango bakomeze gukoreshwa mugihe runaka, ariko mubihe bisanzwe, birasabwa gusimbuza bateri nshya. Bateri ya lithum ifite imikorere mike kandi ntishobora gusanwa. Birasabwa gusimbuza bateri nshya.
●Ikibazo Cyiza: Amashanyarazi agomba gukoresha moderi ihuye. 60v ntishobora kwishyuza bateri 48v1Amashanyarazi acid na lithium Amashanyarazi ntashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bumwe.
Niba igihe cyo kwishyuza kirenze ibisanzwe, birasabwa gusohora umugozi wo kwishyuza no guhagarika kwishyuza. Witondere niba bateri yahinduwe cyangwa yangiritse.
●Ubuzima bwa bateri = voltage × bateri ampare × umuvuduko ÷ Imbaraga za moteri Iyi formula itunganijwe neza, cyane cyane moteri yisumbuye. Ihujwe namakuru yimikoreshereze yabakoresha benshi, uburyo ni bukurikira:
48v1 bateri ya lithium, 1a = 2.5km, bateri ya 60v
48v bateri irashobora gukoresha kilometero 2,5 kuri ampere (48v20a 20 × 2.5 = kilometero 50)
60v bateri irashobora gukoresha kilometero 3 kuri ampere (60v20a 20 × 3 = kilometero 60)
72v bateri irashobora kwiruka kuri 3.5 kuri ampere (72v20a 20 × 3.5 = kilometero 70)
●Ubushobozi bwa bateri / a ya charger bingana nigihe cyo kwishyuza, igihe cyo kwishyuza = ubushobozi bwa bateri / charger umubare, kurugero 20a / 4a izaba itinze nyuma yo kwishyuza 80% cyangwa mu masaha 6-7 (kubwubwishingizi)
